Eureka Math Grade 3, Module 1: Properties of Multiplication/Division and Units 2-5 and 10
In this unit, your child starts third grade with the meaning of multiplication and division, using facts for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10. They draw arrays, share into equal groups, and use the link between the two operations to find missing numbers. Properties like switching the order of factors make facts easier. Next comes place value and measuring.
By Robert “Bobby” BarnettMath teacher, parent, and founder of Bobby’s Math Club
What is my child learning in Module 1?
- Drawing arrays, rows and columns of equal size, to show facts like 3 × 4 as 3 rows of 4. Learn more: Multiplication as equal groups
- Showing division as sharing and as grouping, with totals like 18 split into 3 equal groups of 6. Learn more: Division as sharing into equal groups
- Solving equal-group stories with 2s, 3s, 4s, 5s, and 10s by drawing a picture and writing an equation. Learn more: Multiplying and dividing in story problems
- Finding the unknown, the missing number, in sentences like 4 × ? = 20 or ? ÷ 5 = 3. Learn more: Finding the missing number, like 7 x ? = 56
- Using the commutative property, switching the order of factors, to see that 5 × 3 and 3 × 5 both make 15. Learn more: Shortcuts that make times tables easier
- Solving a division like 20 ÷ 4 by asking what number times 4 makes 20. Learn more: Using times tables to divide
- Building quick recall of the 2s, 3s, 4s, 5s, and 10s, and using each fact to divide. Learn more about knowing the times tables by heart: Knowing the times tables by heart · Learn more about dividing within 100
- Solving two-step problems with these facts, such as 3 bags of 5 oranges with 4 eaten, and checking the answer makes sense. Learn more: Story problems with two steps
Sample questions to try together
These are real questions from our practice. Tap the speaker to hear one read aloud, or the light bulb for a hint, and talk about the answer together.
Question 1 of 3
Hana has 3 plates with 5 strawberries on each plate. She writes 3 × 5. What does 3 × 5 tell her?
- How many strawberries there are in all
- How many strawberries are on each plate
- How many plates she has
How you can help
- Line up crackers or coins in 3 rows of 4 and ask your child for the times fact, then turn the rows sideways to show 4 rows of 3.
- Hide some buttons under a cup after saying you split them into 3 equal piles of 5, and ask how many were under the cup to start (15).
- Play a guess-my-number game on a walk: say you multiplied your number by 4 and got 28, and let your child explain how they found 7.
Where kids can get stuck
- Treating 12 ÷ 3 and 3 ÷ 12 as the same, the way order does not matter in multiplication.
- Dividing when the unknown comes first, so ? ÷ 3 = 6 gets 2 instead of 18.
- Drawing an array with rows of different lengths, so the count no longer matches the times fact.
Practice makes perfect
Bobby's Math Club has practice problems that adapt to your child’s level, each with a detailed explanation and an easy-to-follow video, so your child can build confidence in these skills one step at a time.
Words your child will hear
- array
- Things lined up in rows that all have the same number, like eggs in a carton.
- factor
- A number multiplied by another number to make a product.
- product
- The number you get when you multiply two factors.
- quotient
- The answer to a division problem.
- unknown
- A missing number in a problem that we need to work out.
- commutative property
- You can switch the order of the factors and get the same product.
- equal groups
- Groups that each have the same number of things.
- divide
- To share a total fairly, or to find how many equal groups fit in it.
- multiply
- To find the total of equal groups.
Want to help your child master early times tables?
In Bobby's Math Club, your child practices these skills at just the right level, with a hint when they need one, a clear explanation after every question, and kid-friendly videos. Unlimited practice is free.
Join the club
Written by Robert “Bobby” Barnett
Bobby is an award-winning math teacher, the author of Meet Every Learner’s Needs, and the father of two elementary-school math learners. He uses Bobby’s Math Club with his own kids a few times every week. Learn more or contact Bobby.
Which math standards does Eureka Math Grade 3 Module 1 cover?
Eureka Math Grade 3 Module 1 covers these math standards. Each one links to what it means, sample questions, and teaching strategies.
- 3.OA.A.1: Understand multiplication as equal groups, like 5 groups of 7.
- 3.OA.A.2: Understand division as sharing equally or making equal groups.
- 3.OA.A.3: Use multiplication and division within 100 to solve word problems.
- 3.OA.A.4: Find the missing number, like 7 × ? = 56 or ? ÷ 3 = 6.
- 3.OA.B.5: Break numbers apart to multiply, like 4 × 7 = (4 × 5) + (4 × 2).
- 3.OA.B.6: Use a times fact to divide: 32 ÷ 8 = 4 because 4 × 8 = 32.
- 3.OA.C.7: Know the times tables by heart, and divide within 100.
- 3.OA.D.8: Solve two-step word problems: add, subtract, multiply, or divide.
For teachers: Unit names and order vary between editions and districts, so your school’s own materials have the exact sequence. Learn how Bobby's Math Club can help your students grow.